Historical Events 1800 Napoleon proclaims himself first
consul. Alessandro Volta identifies electric current. 1801 Union Jack becomes British official flag. 1803 Louisiana Purchase. Robert Fulton builds first
successful steamboat. 1804 Beethoven composes Third Symphony, the Eroica. Napoleon proclaimed emperor. 1805 Battle of Trafalgar. 1812 United States declares war on Britain. 1813 Jane Austen writes Pride and Prejudice. 1814 Stephenson creates first effective steam locomotive. Battle of Waterloo. 1816 Rossini composes The Barber of Seville. 1818 United States/Canada border established at 49th parallel.
Mary Shelley writes Frankenstein. Franz Guber composes Silent Night,
Holy Night.
First iron steamship launched. 1819 Grimm Brothers' first edition of fairy tales published. 1820 Sir Walter Scott writes Ivanhoe. Percy
Bysshe Shelley writes Prometheus
Unbound. Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle published. Venus de
Milo discovered. 1821 Jean Frangois Champollion deciphers Egyptian hieroglyphics. 1822 Schubert composes his Eighth Symphony the Unfinished. 1823 Monroe Doctrine approved. R.S.P.C.A.founded in London. 1825 First passenger railroad in England. 1827 John Walker invents friction matches. Ohm's law formulates electric currents. 1828 Noah Webster publishes American Dictionary. 1830 Delacroix paints Liberty Guiding the People. Stendhal writes The Red and
the Black. 1831 Victor Hugo writes The Hunchback of Notre Dame. 1833 British Empire abolishes slavery. 1834 Louis Braille perfects reading method for blind. 1835 Hans Christian Andersen publishes first fairy tales.
Talbot develops photographs from negatives. 1836 Davy Crockett killed at the Alamo. 1837 Queen Victoria begins her long reign. Samuel F. B. Morse invents a telegraph.
Isaac Pitman invents shorthand. 1838 Dickens writes Oliver Twist. 1839 First Opium War between Britain and China. Abner
Doubleday's first baseball game.
Charles Goodyear produces rubber commercially.
Louis Daguerre makes first
daguerreotype. 1841 P. T. Barnum opens the American Museum. Adolphe Sax invents the saxophone. 1843 First Christmas card. Wagner composes Tannhauser.
Alexandre Dumas writes The Three Musketeers. 1844 George Williams founds YMCA in England. 1845 Edgar Allan Poe writes The Raven. 1846 United States declares war on Mexico. Elias Howe patents sewing machine.
Irish potato famine begins. 1847 Emily Bronte writes Wuthering Heights and Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre.
California Gold Rush. 1848 Marx and Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
The Pre–Raphaelite Movement begins.
First Women's rights convention in United States. 1849 Amelia Bloomer fights to reform women's clothes;
her name becomes associated with undergarment. 1850 Nathaniel Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter. Crystal
Palace erected in London.
Schooner America wins first America's Cup. 1851 Herman Melville's Moby Dick not well received.
Isaac Singer manufactures first practical sewing machine. Verdi composes Rigoletto. 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom's Cabin. 1854 Thoreau writes Walden. 1855 Walt Whitman writes Leaves of Grass. 1856 Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary. 1857 Elisha Graves Otis installs first safety elevator. 1859 Charles Darwin publishes Origin of Species. First
oil well drilled in Pennsylvania.
Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on tightrope. 1861 American Civil War begins. U.S. population around 32 million. 1862 Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves. Richard Gatling invents machine
gun. 1863 Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address. Manet paints Le dejeuner sur I'herbe.
Tolstoy writes War and Peace. Louis Pasteur invents pasteurization. 1865 Lincoln assassinated. Lewis Car–roll writes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
George Pullman designs first railroad sleeping cars. 1866 Dostoevsky writes Crime and Punishment. Alfred Nobel invents dynamite. 1867 United States purchases Alaska from Russia for $7 million. 1869 Suez Canal opens. First college football game. 1870 Franco–Prussian War begins. Heinrich Schliemann excavates Troy.
Jules Verne writes Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. 1871 Henry Morton Stanley meets David Livingstone in Ujiji. 1872 Whistler paints his mother. 1874 First Impressionist exhibition. 1875 Mark Twain writes The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer. Bizet composes Carmen. 1876 Renoir paints Le Moulin de la Galette. Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone.
Custer's Last Stand. 1877 Henry James writes The American. Thomas Edison patents the phonograph. 1878 Gilbert and Sullivan create H. M. S. Pinafore. 1879 Ibsen writes A Doll's House. Thomas Edison invents first practical electric
light. 1881 Red Cross established. 1882 Robert Louis Stevenson writes Treasure Island. First run of Orient Express.
John L. Sullivan heavyweight boxing champion. 1884 Cezanne paints Mont Sainte–Victoire. Greenwich Mean Time established. 1886 Seurat paints La Grande Jatte. Rodin sculpts The
Kiss. Statue of Liberty
unveiled. 1887 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle writes A Study in
Scarlet. First contact lens made
in Germany. 1888 Van Gogh paints The Yellow Chair. George Eastman creates Kodak box camera.
J.B. Dunlop invents pneumatic tire. Jack the Ripper stalks London. 1889 A. E. E. Eiffel completes his tower. 1890 William James writes The Principles of Psychology. 1891 Judson invents zipper. 1892 Oscar Wilde writes Lady Windemere's Fan. Toulouse–Lautrec paints At the
Moulin Rouge. 1892 Tchaikovsky composes The Nutcracker. Rudolph Diesel perfects engine.
Henry Ford produces first car. 1894 Alfred Dreyfus arrested by French for treason. Rudyard Kipling writes
The Jungle Book. 1895 Lumiere brothers invent motion picture camera.
H. G. Wells writes The
Time Machine. Guglieimo Marconi invents radio telegraphy. Wilhelm Conrad
Roentgen discovers X rays.
King Camp Gillette invents safety razor. 1896 Anton Pavlovich Chekhov writes The Seagull. Giacomo
Puccini composes La
Boheme. First modern Olympics in Athens. Klondike gold rush. 1897 Sir J. J. Thomson discovers electron. 1898 Spanish–American War begins. 1899 Boer War begins. Scott Joplin composes Maple
Leaf Rag.
Literature
Jane Austen (1775–1817)
Honore de Balzac (1799–1850)
Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867)
William Blake (1752–1827
Charlotte Bronte (1816–1855)
Emily Bronte (1818–1848)
Lord Byron (1788–1824)
Lewis Carroll (1832–1898)
Anton Chekhov (1860–1904)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834)
Charles Dickens (1812–1870)
Emily Dickinson (1830–1886)
Feodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930)
Alexandre Dumas (1802–1870)
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (1819–1880)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880)
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–1864)
Thomas Hardy (1840–1928)
Victor Hugo (1802–1885)
Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906)
Washington Irving (1783–1859)
Henry James (1843–1916)
John Keats (1775–1821)
Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936)
Stephane Mallarme (1842–1898)
Herman Melville (1819–1891)
Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849)
Aleksandr Puskin (1799–1837)
Arthur Rimbaud (1854–1891)
Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822)
Stendhal (1883–1842)
August Strindberg (1849–1912)
Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892)
William Thackeray (1811–1863)
Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
Count Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910)
Mark Twain (1835–1910)
Walt Whitman (1819–1892)
William Wordsworth (1770–1850)
Emile Zola (1840–1902)
Music
Vincenzo Bellini (1801–1835)
Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)
Georges Bizet (1838–1875)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Anton Bruckner (1824–1896)
Frederic Chopin (1810–1849)
Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848)
Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)
Gabriel Faure (1845–1924).
Cesar Franck (1822–1890)
Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857)
Charles Gounod (1818–1893)
Edvard Grieg (1843–1907)
Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)
Jules Massenet (1842–1912)
Giacomo Meyerbeer (1791–1864)
Modest Moussorgsky (1839–1891)
Jacques Levy Offenbach (1819–1880)
Nicolai Rimsky–Korsakov (1844–1908)
Gioacchino Rossini (1792–1868)
Camille Saint–Saens (1835–1921)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Aleksandr Scriabin (1872–1915)
Bedrich Smetana (1824–1884)
Johann Strauss II (1825–1899)
Richard Strauss (1864–1949)
Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900)
Peter llyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901)
Richard Wagner (1813–1883)
Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Fine Arts
George Caleb Bingham (1811–1879)
Pierre Bonnard (1867–1947)
Edward Burne–Jones (1883–1898)
Mary Cassatt (1845–1926)
Paul Cezanne (1839–1906)
Thomas Cole (1801–1848)
John Constable (1776–1837)
Jean–Baptiste Corot (1796–1875)
Gustave Courbet (1819–1877)
C.F. Daubigny (1817–1878)
Honore Daumier (1808–1879)
Edgar Degas (1834–1917)
Eugene Delacroix (1798–1863)
Maurice Denis (1870–1943)
Thomas Eakins (1844–1916)
Paul Gauguin (1848–1903)
Theodore Gericault (1791–1824)
Edward Hicks (1780–1849)
Winslow Homer (1836–1910)
J.A.D. Ingres (1780–1867)
Edouard Manet (1832–1883)
Jean Frangois Millet (1814–1875)
Claude Monet (1840–1926)
Berthe Morisot (1841–1895)
Samuel F B. Morse (1791–1872)
Camille Pissarro (1830–1903)
Pierre Renoir (1841–1919)
John Singer Sargent (1856–1925)
Georges Seurat (1859–1891)
Alfred Sisley (1839–1899)
Henri de Toulouse–Lautrec (1864–1901)
J. M. W. Turner (1775–1851)
Vincent Van Gogh (1853–1890)
Edouard Vuillard (1868–1940)
James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834–1903)
Graphic Arts
John James Audubon (1780–1851)
Richard Austin (fl.1788)
Aubrey Beardsley (1872–1890)
John Bell (1745–1831)
Linn Boyd Benton (1844–1932)
Will Bradley (1868–1962)
Habelot Browne (Phiz) (1815–1882)
William Bullock (1813–1867)
William Bulmer (1757–1830)
Jules Cheret (1836–1933)
George Cruikshank (1792–1877)
Louis Jacques Daguerre (1789–1851)
Theodore Lowe De Vinne (1828–1914)
Gustave Dore (1832–1883)
William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877)
Charles Dana Gibson (1867–1944)
Bertram G. Goodhue (1869–1924)
Grandville (1803–1847)
Eugene Grassat (1841–1917)
Richard Hoe (1812–1886)
Charles Keane (1823–1891)
Frederich Koenich (b.1833)
Tolbert Lanston (d. 1913)
William Martin (d.1815)
George Du Maurier (1834–1896)
Ottmar Mergenthaler (1854–1899)
William Morris (1834–1896)
Alphonse Mucha (1860–1939)
Thomas Nast (1840–1902)
William Nicholson (1872–1949)
Maxfield Parrish (1870–1966)
Edward Penfield (1866–1925)
William Pickering (1796–1854)
James Pryde (1866–1941)
Howard Pyle (1835–1911)
Ethel Reed (1876–1898)
Frederick Remington (1861–1909)
Louis Rhead (1857–1926)
Lord Stanhope (1753–1816)
Theophile Steinlen (1859–1923)
John Tenniel (1820–1914)
Darius Wells (1800–1875)
